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Abrasion Resistant
the ability to withstand the effects of repeated wearing, rubbing, scraping etc., that tend to remove material from its surface
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Actuation
to put into mechanical action or motion
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Amorphous
Latin meaning without form. Non-crystalline structure
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Anneal
to prevent the formation of or remove stresses in plastics by cooling from a suitable temperature
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Arc
1) a luminous glow formed by the flow of electric current through ionized air, gas or vapor between separate electrodes or contacts 2) a portion of the circumference of a circle
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Atactic
a polymer exhibiting no stereochemical regularity of structure
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Bond strength
1) the measure of the force required to separate objects or materials bonded together. 2) the strength of the bond between fiber and matrix. 3) the degree of attraction between adjacent atoms within a molecule, usually expressed in J/mol
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Celsius
also referred to as Centigrade, is equal to the difference between the temperature in Fahrenheit less 32, divided by 1.8ºC = (ºF -32) ÷ 1.8
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Coefficient of Friction
Static: the ration of the limiting friction developed to the corresponding, normal pressure, if two surfaces move relative to each other
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Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
the unit change in dimension of a material for a unit change in temperature
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Compressive Strength
crushing a load at failure divided by the original sectional area of the specimen
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Conductivity
the reciprocal of volume resistivity. It is the conductance of a unit cube of any material
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Copolymer
a polymer formed through the inter-polymerization of two (or more) chemically different monomers with each other
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Corrosion
chemical action which causes destruction of the surface of a materials by oxidation or chemical combination. Also caused by reduction of the electrical efficiency between a metal and a contiguous substance or the disintegrating effects of strong electrical currents or ground return currents in electrical systems. The latter is known as electrolytic corrosion.
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Crazing
minute lines appearing in or near the surface of materials such as plastics, usually resulting as a response to environment. Crazing cannot not be felt by running a fingernail across it. (If the fingernail catches, it is a crack.)
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Creep
the dimensional change with time of a material under load. At room temperature it is also called cold flow
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Cross-Linking
the setting-up of chemical valence links between the molecular chains or polymer molecules, leading to the formation of a three-dimensional network of polymer chains which is infusible and insoluble. This usually reduces the thermoplasticity of the material.
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Cure
to change the physical, chemical or electrical properties of a material by chemical reaction, by the action of heat and catalysts alone or in combination, with or without pressure. Specifically to convert a low molecular weight polymer or resin to an insoluble, infusible state.
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Delamination
the separation of a laminate along the plane of its layers. Also the separation of bonded insulation within the adhesive layer or at the adhesive interface.
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Density
weight per unit volume of a given substance
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Dielectric
1) any insulating medium which intervenes between two conduits and permits electrostatic attraction or repulsion to take place across it. 2) a material having the property that energy required to establish an electric field is recoverable in whole or in part, as electric energy (see insulation for clarification)
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Dielectric Constant (Permittivity or Specific Inductive Capacity)
the specific inductive capacity of a dielectric. That property of a dielectric which determines the electrostatic energy stored per unit volume for unit potential gradient
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Dielectric Strength
the voltage which an insulating material can withstand before breakdown occurs, usually expressed as a voltage gradient (such as volts per mil).
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Dimensional Stability
ability to retain precise shape and size
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Dissipation
unusable or lost energy, as the production of heat in a circuit
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Dissipation Factor
(loss tangent, tans, approximate power factor)- the tangent of the loss angle of the insulating material
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Elongation
the fractional increase in length of a material stressed in tension
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Epoxy Resins
straight-chain thermosetting resins containing at least one three-membered ring consisting of two carbon atoms and one oxygenation
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Extrusion
the method of processing plastic by forcing heat softened plastic through an opening of the desired shape of the cross-section of the finished product
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Fahrenheit
equals 1.8 multiplied to the sum of the temperature in Celsius and 32. ºF = 1.8 x (ºC + 32).
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Fiber
1) a specific form of chemically jelled fibrous materials manufactures in sheets, rods and tubes. 2) commonly used interchangeably with fiber
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Flange
a rib or rim for strength, for guiding, or for attachment to a pipe
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Flash Point
the lowest temperature at which a flammable liquid will produce a combustible vapor that will burn in the presence of a flame, under certain prescribed conditions of test
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Flexural Strength
the strength of a material in bending, expressed as the tensile stress of the outermost fibers of a bent test specimen at the instant of failure
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Formulation
1) a combination of ingredients before processing or made into a finished product. Also used as synonym for a material, compound. 2) a selection of components of a product formula or mixture to provide optimum specific properties for the end-use desired.
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Gasket
piece used to make a joint fluid-tight
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Heat Distortion Point
the temperature in degrees Celsius at which a standard test bar (ASTM D648) deflects .010 in under a stated load of either 66 or 264 psi, when the temperature is raised at a specific rate of increase
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Heat Loss
power dissipated as heat
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High-Pressure Laminates
(molding pressure high) laminates molded and cured at pressures not lower than 1,000 psi (4.8 MPa). Pressures of 1,000 to 2,500 psi (4.8 to 17 MPa) are not uncommon
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Impact Resistance
relative susceptibility of material to fracture by stress at high speeds
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Impact Strength
ability to withstand physical shock loading or work required to fracture under shock loading a specified test specimen in a specified manner
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Impregnate
1) to fill the voids and interstices of material with a compo9und (this does not imply complete fill or complete coating of the surfaced by a hole-free film. 2) the process of thoroughly soaking a material of an open or porous nature with a resin.
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Inert
deficient in active properties; not affecting other substances when in contact with them such as inert gases not participating in any fashion in chemical reactions
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Infrared
the band of light in the electromagnetic spectrum that lies between the visible light range and the radar range.
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Insulation
material having a high resistance to the flow of electric current, to prevent leakage of current from a conductor
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Insulation Resistance
the ratio of the applied voltage to the total current between two electrodes in contact with a specific conductor under prescribed conditions of test
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Isomer
one of two or more compounds, radicals or ions that contain the same number of atoms of the same elements but differ in structural arrangement and properties
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Isotatic
having a stereochemical regularity of structure in the repeating units of a polymer
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Kelvin
the absolute temperature scale (metric) K-ºC + 273
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Laminate
1) (v) -to build up to desired shape or thickness. 2) (n) - a material composed of successive layers of material, usually bonded together under heat and pressure.
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Light Transmission
the amount of light that a plastic will allow to pass
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Loss Factor
the product of the power factor and the dielectric constant of a dielectric material
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Moisture Resistance
the ability of a material to resist absorbing ambient moisture
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Monomer
the simple, unpolymerized form of a compound which is the building block of a polymer
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O-ring
a ring used as a gasket
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Ohm
practical unit of electrical resistance
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Ohm's Law
the strength of a direct current is directly proportional to the potential difference and inversely proportional to the resistance of the circuit
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Out gassing
to remove occluded gases by heating
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Permeability
1) the passage or diffusions (or rate of passage) of a gas, vapor, liquid or solid through a barrier without physically or chemically affecting it. 2) the ability of a material to carry magnetism as compared to air which has a permeability of one.
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Permittivity
preferred term for dielectric constant. It is that property of a dielectric material that determines how much electrostatic energy can be stored per unit of volume when unit voltage is applied; the relative permittivity of most materials varies from 2 to 10, air having 1
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Phenolic Resin
1) a synthetic resin produced by the condensation of phenol with an aldehyde (usually formaldehyde). 2) any of several types of thermoset plastics obtained by the condensation of phenol or substituted phenols
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Plastic
1) high polymeric substances, including both natural and synthetic products, but excluding the rubbers that are capable in their manufacture of flowing under heat and pressure. 2) a material that contains an organic substance of large molecular weight, solid in finished state
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Plasticizer
chemical agent added to plastics to make them softer and more flexible
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Pneumatic
moved or worked by air pressure
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Polymer
1) a compound formed by the chemical union of two or more monomers of the same kind. 2) a synthetic or natural compound of high molecular weight
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Reinforcement
material used to reinforce, strengthen or give dimensional stability to another material' can be chopped, woven or braided/
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Resin
1) a substance that is polymeric in structure and predominantly amorphous. 2) an alternative term, like polymer, to the predominantly used name of plastic
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Resistance
property of a conductor that opposed the current flow produced by a given difference of potential. The ohm is the practical unit of resistance
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Rockwell Hardness
a test for hardness (resistance to indentation) in which a hardened steel ball or diamond point is pressed into the material under test.
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Shear Strength
1) ability of a material to withstand shear stress or stress at which a material fails in shear. 2) the maximum shear strength stress that a material is capable of substaining
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Specific Gravity
the density of any material divided by that of water at a standard temperature
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Surface Resistivity
the resistance of a material between two opposite sides of a unit square of its surface
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Syndiotactic
having a stereochemical regularity where the molecules can be described in terms of alternation of configurational base units that are mirror images of one another.
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Tear Strength
1) force required to initiate or continue a tear in a material under specified conditions. 2) the force acting substantially parallel to the major axis of the test specimen
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Tensile Strength
the longitudinal stress required to break a prescribed specimen divided by the original cross-sectional area at the point of rupture (usually expressed in pounds per square inch), within the gauge boundaries sustained by the specimen during the test
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Thermal Conductivity
the ability of a material to conduct heat; physical constant for quantity of heat that passes through volume of a substance in unit of time for unit difference in temperature.
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Thermionic
relating t, using, or being the emission of charged particles (as electrons) by an incandescent material
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Thermoplastic
plastics capable of being repeatedly softened by increases in temperature and hardened by decreases in temperature. Theses changes are physical rather than chemical.
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Thermoset
a classification of plastic resin that cures by chemical reaction when heated and, once cured, cannot be resoftened by heating
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Volume Resistivity
resistance between opposite faces of 1 cm cube of material, usually in ohm-cm's
